vo_opengl: implement more HDR tonemapping algorithms

This is now a configurable option, with tunable parameters.

I got inspiration for these algorithms off wikipedia. "simple" seems to
work pretty well, but not well enough to make it a reasonable default.

Some other notable candidates:

- Local functions (e.g. based on local contrast or gradient)
- Clamp with soft knee (linear up to a point)
- Mapping in CIE L*Ch. Map L smoothly, clamp C and h.
- Color appearance models

These will have to be implemented some other time.

Note that the parameter "peak_src" to pass_tone_map should, in
principle, be auto-detected from the SEI information of the source file
where available. This will also have to be implemented in a later
commit.

DOCS/man/vo.rst

@@ -1057,9 +1057,38 @@ Available video output drivers are:
 
     ``target-brightness=<1..100000>``
         Specifies the display's approximate brightness in cd/m^2. When playing
-        HDR content, video colors will be scaled and clipped to this
+        HDR content, video colors will be tone mapped to this target brightness
-        brightness. The default of 250 cd/m^2 corresponds to a typical consumer
+        using the algorithm specified by ``hdr-tone-mapping``. The default of
-        display.
+        250 cd/m^2 corresponds to a typical consumer display.
+
+    ``hdr-tone-mapping=<value>``
+        Specifies the algorithm used for tone-mapping HDR images onto the
+        target display. Valid values are:
+
+        clip
+            Hard-clip any out-of-range values (default)
+        simple
+            Very simple continuous curve. Preserves dynamic range and peak but
+            uses nonlinear contrast.
+        gamma
+            Fits a logarithmic transfer between the tone curves.
+        linear
+            Linearly stretches the entire reference gamut to (a linear multiple
+            of) the display.
+
+    ``tone-mapping-param=<value>``
+        Set tone mapping parameters. Ignored if the tone mapping algorithm is
+        not tunable. This affects the following tone mapping algorithms:
+
+        simple
+            Specifies the local contrast coefficient at the display peak.
+            Defaults to 0.5, which means that in-gamut values will be about
+            half as bright as when clipping.
+        gamma
+            Specifies the exponent of the function. Defaults to 1.8.
+        linear
+            Specifies the scale factor to use while stretching. Defaults to
+            1.0.
 
     ``icc-profile=<file>``
         Load an ICC profile and use it to transform video RGB to screen output.

video/out/opengl/video.c

@@ -321,6 +321,7 @@ const struct gl_video_opts gl_video_opts_def = {
     .prescale_passes = 1,
     .prescale_downscaling_threshold = 2.0f,
     .target_brightness = 250,
+    .tone_mapping_param = NAN,
 };
 
 const struct gl_video_opts gl_video_opts_hq_def = {
@@ -350,6 +351,7 @@ const struct gl_video_opts gl_video_opts_hq_def = {
     .prescale_passes = 1,
     .prescale_downscaling_threshold = 2.0f,
     .target_brightness = 250,
+    .tone_mapping_param = NAN,
 };
 
 static int validate_scaler_opt(struct mp_log *log, const m_option_t *opt,
@@ -379,6 +381,12 @@ const struct m_sub_options gl_video_conf = {
         OPT_CHOICE_C("target-prim", target_prim, 0, mp_csp_prim_names),
         OPT_CHOICE_C("target-trc", target_trc, 0, mp_csp_trc_names),
         OPT_INTRANGE("target-brightness", target_brightness, 0, 1, 100000),
+        OPT_CHOICE("hdr-tone-mapping", hdr_tone_mapping, 0,
+                   ({"clip",   TONE_MAPPING_CLIP},
+                    {"simple", TONE_MAPPING_SIMPLE},
+                    {"gamma",  TONE_MAPPING_GAMMA},
+                    {"linear", TONE_MAPPING_LINEAR})),
+        OPT_FLOAT("tone-mapping-param", tone_mapping_param, 0),
         OPT_FLAG("pbo", pbo, 0),
         SCALER_OPTS("scale",  SCALER_SCALE),
         SCALER_OPTS("dscale", SCALER_DSCALE),
@@ -2249,12 +2257,13 @@ static void pass_colormanage(struct gl_video *p, bool display_scaled,
         pass_linearize(p->sc, trc_src);
 
     // For HDR, the assumption of reference brightness = display brightness
-    // is discontinued. Instead, we have to rescale the brightness to match
+    // is discontinued. Instead, we have to tone map the brightness to
-    // the display (and clip out-of-range values)
+    // the display using some algorithm.
     if (p->image_params.gamma == MP_CSP_TRC_SMPTE_ST2084 && !display_scaled) {
+        GLSLF("// HDR tone mapping\n");
         int reference_brightness = 10000; // As per SMPTE ST.2084
-        GLSLF("color.rgb = clamp(%f * color.rgb, 0.0, 1.0);\n",
+        pass_tone_map(p->sc, reference_brightness, p->opts.target_brightness,
-              (float)reference_brightness / p->opts.target_brightness);
+                      p->opts.hdr_tone_mapping, p->opts.tone_mapping_param);
     }
 
     // Adapt to the right colorspace if necessary

video/out/opengl/video.h

@@ -103,6 +103,13 @@ enum prescalers {
     PRESCALE_NNEDI3,
 };
 
+enum tone_mapping {
+    TONE_MAPPING_CLIP,
+    TONE_MAPPING_SIMPLE,
+    TONE_MAPPING_GAMMA,
+    TONE_MAPPING_LINEAR,
+};
+
 struct gl_video_opts {
     int dumb_mode;
     struct scaler_config scaler[4];
@@ -112,6 +119,8 @@ struct gl_video_opts {
     int target_prim;
     int target_trc;
     int target_brightness;
+    int hdr_tone_mapping;
+    float tone_mapping_param;
     int linear_scaling;
     int correct_downscaling;
     int sigmoid_upscaling;

video/out/opengl/video_shaders.c

@@ -313,6 +313,46 @@ void pass_delinearize(struct gl_shader_cache *sc, enum mp_csp_trc trc)
     }
 }
 
+// Tone map from one brightness to another
+void pass_tone_map(struct gl_shader_cache *sc, float peak_src, float peak_dst,
+                   enum tone_mapping algo, float param)
+{
+    // First we renormalize to the output range
+    float scale = peak_src / peak_dst;
+    GLSLF("color.rgb *= vec3(%f);\n", scale);
+
+    // Then we use some algorithm to map back to [0,1]
+    switch (algo) {
+    case TONE_MAPPING_CLIP:
+        GLSL(color.rgb = clamp(color.rgb, 0.0, 1.0);)
+        break;
+
+    case TONE_MAPPING_SIMPLE: {
+        float contrast = isnan(param) ? 0.5 : param,
+              offset = (1.0 - contrast) / contrast;
+        GLSLF("color.rgb = color.rgb / (color.rgb + vec3(%f));\n", offset);
+        GLSLF("color.rgb *= vec3(%f);\n", (scale + offset) / scale);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case TONE_MAPPING_GAMMA: {
+        float gamma = isnan(param) ? 1.8 : param;
+        GLSLF("color.rgb = pow(color.rgb / vec3(%f), vec3(%f));\n",
+              scale, 1.0/gamma);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case TONE_MAPPING_LINEAR: {
+        float coeff = isnan(param) ? 1.0 : param;
+        GLSLF("color.rgb = vec3(%f) * color.rgb;\n", coeff / scale);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    default:
+        abort();
+    }
+}
+
 // Wide usage friendly PRNG, shamelessly stolen from a GLSL tricks forum post.
 // Obtain random numbers by calling rand(h), followed by h = permute(h) to
 // update the state. Assumes the texture was hooked.

video/out/opengl/video_shaders.h

@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ void pass_sample_oversample(struct gl_shader_cache *sc, struct scaler *scaler,
 void pass_linearize(struct gl_shader_cache *sc, enum mp_csp_trc trc);
 void pass_delinearize(struct gl_shader_cache *sc, enum mp_csp_trc trc);
 
+void pass_tone_map(struct gl_shader_cache *sc, float peak_src, float peak_dst,
+                   enum tone_mapping algo, float param);
 
 void pass_sample_deband(struct gl_shader_cache *sc, struct deband_opts *opts,
                         AVLFG *lfg);