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fix(docs): correct terminology (#4829)
Other minor rewording for clarity and spurious whitespace removals.
This commit is contained in:
Julio Lopez
@@ -18,16 +18,16 @@ Kopia
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> 3. _[fast and secure backup tool](https://kopia.io)_
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Kopia is a fast and secure open-source backup/restore tool that allows you to create [encrypted](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#end-to-end-zero-knowledge-encryption) snapshots of your data and save the snapshots to [remote or cloud storage](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage) of your choice, [to network-attached storage or server](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage), or [locally on your machine](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage). Kopia does not 'image' your whole machine. Rather, Kopia allows you to backup/restore any and all files/directories that you deem are important or critical.
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Kopia is a fast and secure open-source backup/restore tool that allows you to create [encrypted](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#user-controlled-end-to-end-encryption) snapshots of your data and save the snapshots to [remote or cloud storage](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage) of your choice, [to network-attached storage or server](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage), or [locally on your machine](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage). Kopia does not 'image' your whole machine. Rather, Kopia allows you to backup/restore any and all files/directories that you deem are important or critical.
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Kopia has both [CLI (command-line interface)](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#both-command-line-and-graphical-user-interfaces) and [GUI (graphical user interface)](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#both-command-line-and-graphical-user-interfaces) versions, making it the perfect tool for both advanced and regular users. You can read more about Kopia's unique [features](https://kopia.io/docs/features/) -- which include [compression](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#compression), [deduplication](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#backup-files-and-directories-using-snapshots), [end-to-end 'zero knowledge' encryption](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#end-to-end-zero-knowledge-encryption), and [error correction](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#error-correction) -- to get a better understanding of how Kopia works.
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Kopia has both [CLI (command-line interface)](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#both-command-line-and-graphical-user-interfaces) and [GUI (graphical user interface)](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#both-command-line-and-graphical-user-interfaces) versions, making it the perfect tool for both advanced and regular users. You can read more about Kopia's unique [features](https://kopia.io/docs/features/) -- which include [compression](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#compression), [deduplication](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#backup-files-and-directories-using-snapshots), [user-controlled end-to-end encryption](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#user-controlled-end-to-end-encryption), and [error correction](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#error-correction) -- to get a better understanding of how Kopia works.
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When ready, head to the [installation](https://kopia.io/docs/installation/) page to download and install Kopia, and make sure to read the [Getting Started Guide](https://kopia.io/docs/getting-started/) for a step-by-step walkthrough of how to use Kopia.
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Pick the Cloud Storage Provider You Want
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---
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Kopia supports saving your [encrypted](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#end-to-end-zero-knowledge-encryption) and [compressed](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#compression) snapshots to all of the following [storage locations](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage):
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Kopia supports saving your [encrypted](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#user-controlled-end-to-end-encryption) and [compressed](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#compression) snapshots to all of the following [storage locations](https://kopia.io/docs/features/#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage):
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* **Amazon S3** and any **cloud storage that is compatible with S3**
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* **Azure Blob Storage**
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@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ A `snapshot` is a [point-in-time backup](../features#backup-files-and-directorie
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#### What is a Repository?
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A `repository` is the storage location where your snapshots are saved; Kopia supports [cloud/remote, network, and local storage locations](../features#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage) and all repositories are [encrypted](../features/#end-to-end-zero-knowledge-encryption) with a password that you designate.
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A `repository` is the storage location where your snapshots are saved; Kopia supports [cloud/remote, network, and local storage locations](../features#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage) and all repositories are [encrypted](../features/#user-controlled-end-to-end-encryption) with a password that you designate.
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See the [repository help docs](../repositories) for more information.
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@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ You must use Kopia CLI if you want to change your `repository` password; changin
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Before changing your password, you must be [connected to your `repository`](../getting-started/#connecting-to-repository). This means that you **can** reset your password if you forget your password AND you are still connected to your `repository`. But this also means that you **cannot** reset your password if you forget your password and you are NOT still connected to your `repository`, because you will need your current password to connect to the `repository`.
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Remember to select a secure _repository password_. The password is used to [decrypt](../features/#end-to-end-zero-knowledge-encryption) and access the data in your snapshots.
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Remember to select a secure _repository password_. The password is used to [decrypt](../features/#user-controlled-end-to-end-encryption) and access the data in your snapshots.
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#### Does Kopia Support Storage Classes, Like Amazon Glacier?
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@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ weight: 10
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* [Policies Control What and How Files/Directories are Saved in Snapshots](#policies-control-what-and-how-filesdirectories-are-saved-in-snapshots)
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* [Save Snapshots to Cloud, Network, or Local Storage](#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage)
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* [Restore Snapshots Using Multiple Methods](#restore-snapshots-using-multiple-methods)
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* [End-to-End 'Zero Knowledge' Encryption](#end-to-end-zero-knowledge-encryption)
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* [User-controlled End-to-End Encryption](#user-controlled-end-to-end-encryption)
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* [Compression](#compression)
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* [Error Correction](#error-correction)
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* [Verifying Backup Validity and Consistency](#verifying-backup-validity-and-consistency)
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@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ weight: 10
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### Backup Files and Directories Using Snapshots
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Kopia creates snapshots of the files and directories you designate, then [encrypts](#end-to-end-zero-knowledge-encryption) these snapshots before they leave your computer, and finally uploads these encrypted snapshots to cloud/network/local storage called a [repository](../repositories/). Snapshots are maintained as a set of historical point-in-time records based on [policies](#policies-control-what-and-how-filesdirectories-are-saved-in-snapshots) that you define.
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Kopia creates snapshots of the files and directories you designate, then [encrypts](#user-controlled-end-to-end-encryption) these snapshots before they leave your computer, and finally uploads these encrypted snapshots to cloud/network/local storage called a [repository](../repositories/). Snapshots are maintained as a set of historical point-in-time records based on [policies](#policies-control-what-and-how-filesdirectories-are-saved-in-snapshots) that you define.
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Kopia uses [content-addressable storage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content-addressable%20storage) for snapshots, which has many benefits:
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@@ -76,29 +76,48 @@ With Kopia you’re in full control of where to store your snapshots; you pick t
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To restore data, Kopia gives you three options:
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* mount the contents of a snapshot as a local disk so that you can browse and copy files/directories from the snapshot as if the snapshot is a local directory on your machine
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- mount the contents of a snapshot as a local disk so that you can browse and copy files/directories from the snapshot as if the snapshot is a local directory on your machine
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- restore all files/directories contained in a snapshot to any local or network location that you designate
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- selectively restore individual files from a snapshot
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* restore all files/directories contained in a snapshot to any local or network location that you designate
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### User-Controlled End-to-End Encryption
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* selectively restore individual files from a snapshot
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Kopia uses end-to-end encryption, with user-controlled encryption keys,[^1] to
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encrypt all data before it leaves your machine, this includes the content and the
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names of the backed up files/directories. Kopia does not allow creating
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unencrypted backups.
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### End-to-End 'Zero Knowledge' Encryption
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[^1]: This encryption approach is often imprecisely named 'Zero-knowledge
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encryption' in marketing materials. The name can be easily confused with the
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term ['Zero-knowledge Proof'](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-knowledge_proof),
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which refers to a completely different concept.
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All data is encrypted before it leaves your machine. Encryption is baked into the DNA of Kopia, and you cannot create a backup without using encryption. Kopia allows you to pick from two state-of-the-art encryption algorithms, [AES-256](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES256) and [ChaCha20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChaCha20).
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When creating or accessing a backup repository, you provide the repository
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password, which is not sent to any server or anywhere outside your machine, and
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only you know the password.
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Instead, the repository password is used to encrypt and decrypt the repository's
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primary encryption key. The primary key is securely generated at repository
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creation time in the computer that is creating the repository, such as your laptop.
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This means that the repository password is required to read any data stored in
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that repository. Without the password, you will not be able to read the contents
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of files stored in backups, nor see what files/directories are contained in
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the backups, nor list what backups are in the repository. It also means that
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you cannot restore your files if you forget your password, there is no way to
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recover a forgotten password because only you know it. You can
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[change your password](../faqs/#how-do-i-change-my-repository-password) if
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you are still connected to the repository.
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Kopia encrypts both the content and the names of your backed up files/directories.
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The data is encrypted using per-content keys which are derived from the 256-bit master key that is stored in the repository. The master key is encrypted with a password you provide. This means that anyone that does not know the password cannot access your backed up files and will not know what files/directories are contained in the snapshots that are saved in the repository. Importantly, the password you provide is never sent to any server or anywhere outside your machine, and only you know your password. In other words, Kopia provides your backups with end-to-end 'zero knowledge' encryption. However, this also means that you cannot restore your files if you forget your password: there is no way to recover a forgotten password because only you know it. (But you can [change your password](../faqs/#how-do-i-change-my-repository-password) if you are still connected to the repository that stores your snapshots.)
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You can pick from two standard encryption algorithms,
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[AES-256](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES256) and
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[ChaCha20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChaCha20), for encrypting your backups.
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### Compression
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Kopia can [compress your data](../advanced/compression/) to save storage and bandwidth. Several compression methods are supported, including:
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* [pgzip](https://github.com/klauspost/pgzip)
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* [s2](https://github.com/klauspost/compress/tree/master/s2)
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* [zstd](https://github.com/klauspost/compress/tree/master/zstd)
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- [pgzip](https://github.com/klauspost/pgzip)
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- [s2](https://github.com/klauspost/compress/tree/master/s2)
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- [zstd](https://github.com/klauspost/compress/tree/master/zstd)
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### Error Correction
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ weight: 15
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This guide will walk you through installing Kopia and setting up Kopia to backup/restore your data. Make sure to familiarize yourself with Kopia [features](../features/) before following this guide, so that you understand the appropriate terminology. As a reminder:
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* A `snapshot` is a [point-in-time backup](../features#backup-files-and-directories-using-snapshots) of your files/directories; each snapshot contains the files/directories that you can [restore when you need to](../features#restore-snapshots-using-multiple-methods).
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* A `repository` is the storage location where your snapshots are saved; Kopia supports [cloud/remote, network, and local storage locations](../features#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage) and all repositories are [encrypted](../features/#end-to-end-zero-knowledge-encryption) with a password that you designate.
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* A `repository` is the storage location where your snapshots are saved; Kopia supports [cloud/remote, network, and local storage locations](../features#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage) and all repositories are [encrypted](../features/#user-controlled-end-to-end-encryption) with a password that you designate.
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* A `policy` is a set of rules that tells Kopia how to create/manage snapshots; this includes features such as [compression, snapshot retention, and scheduling when to take automatically snapshots](../features#policies-control-what-and-how-filesdirectories-are-saved-in-snapshots).
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## Download and Installation
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@@ -20,19 +20,21 @@ Once you have installed Kopia, setting up Kopia is quite easy but varies dependi
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### Kopia GUI (`KopiaUI`)
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Setting up Kopia via the GUI is very easy.
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Setting up Kopia via the GUI is very easy.
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#### Creating and Connecting to a Repository
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When you run `KopiaUI` for the first time, you will need to create a `repository`. You will see all supported [repository types](../repositories/) on-screen within the program interface. Pick the one you want and follow the on-screen directions to get it setup; you will need to enter various different details about the storage location that you selected, and you will pick a password that will be used to encrypt all the snapshots that you store in the repository. (As a reminder, Kopia uses [end-to-end zero knowledge encryption](../features#end-to-end-zero-knowledge-encryption), so your password is never sent anywhere and it never leaves your machine!) You can also name the repository whatever you want.
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When you run `KopiaUI` for the first time, you will need to create a `repository`. You will see all supported [repository types](../repositories/) on-screen within the program interface. Pick the one you want and follow the on-screen directions to get it setup. You will need to enter details about the storage location that you selected, and you will pick a password that will be used to encrypt all the snapshots that you store in the repository. Kopia uses [end-to-end encryption](../features#user-controlled-end-to-end-encryption), that way your password never leaves your machine nor
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is sent elsewhere. You can name your repository in a way that is useful for you.
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**There is absolutely no way to restore snapshots (i.e., your backed up files/directories) from a repository if you forget your password, so do not forget it and keep it secure!**
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**Remember your repository password and keep it secure. There is absolutely no way to restore any of your backed up files from a repository if you forget your password!**
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> NOTE: Remember, before you use Kopia, you need to provision, setup, and pay (the storage provider) for whatever storage location you want to use; Kopia will not do that for you. After you have done that, you can create a `repository` for that storage location in Kopia. For example, if you want to use `Backblaze B2`, you need to create a Backblaze account, create a B2 bucket, and get the access keys for the bucket; then you can use the `Backblaze B2` repository option in `KopiaUI` to create a repository.
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> NOTE: Remember, before you use Kopia, you need to provision, setup, and pay (the storage provider) for whatever storage location you want to use; Kopia will not do that for you. After you have done that, you can create a `repository` for that storage location in Kopia. For example, if you want to use a cloud storage provider, then you need to: (1) create an account with your storage provider; (2) create an object storage bucket; and (3) get the credentials to access the bucket.
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After you have set up your storage provider, then you can select the appropriate storage provider type in `KopiaUI` to create a repository.
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#### Defining Snapshot Policy and Creating New Snapshot
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Once you have created a repository, you can start backing up your files/directories by creating a new `policy` in `KopiaUI`. You can do this from the `Policies` tab and the process, again, is quite straightforward: enter the `directory` which contains the files you want to backup (you can either manually type in the `directory path` or browse for the `directory`), hit the `Set Policy` button, choose your policy settings from the on-screen options (all policy options are fairly self-explanatory), and hit the `Save Policy` button. Kopia will then automatically begin taking the snapshot following the settings you set for the policy.
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Once you have created a repository, you can start backing up your files/directories by creating a new `policy` in `KopiaUI`. You can do this from the `Policies` tab and the process, again, is quite straightforward: enter the `directory` which contains the files you want to backup (you can either manually type in the `directory path` or browse for the `directory`), hit the `Set Policy` button, choose your policy settings from the on-screen options (all policy options are fairly self-explanatory), and hit the `Save Policy` button. Kopia will then automatically begin taking the snapshot following the settings you set for the policy.
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After the initial snapshot, for every snapshot afterwards Kopia will rescan the file/directories and [only upload file content that has changed](../features/#backup-files-and-directories-using-snapshots). All snapshots in Kopia are [always incremental](../features/#backup-files-and-directories-using-snapshots); a snapshot will only upload files/file contents that are not in the repository yet, which saves storage space and upload time. This even applies to files that were moved or renamed. In fact, if two computers have exactly the same file and both computers are backing up to the same `repository`, the file will still be stored only once.
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@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ For example, say you have a path policy for `foo@bar:/path` which doesn't define
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#### Restoring Files/Directories from Snapshots
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When you want to restore your files/directories from a snapshot, you can do so from the `Snapshots` tab in `KopiaUI`. Just click the `Path` for the files/directories you want to restore and then find the specific `snapshot` you want to restore from. You will then be given the option to either
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When you want to restore your files/directories from a snapshot, you can do so from the `Snapshots` tab in `KopiaUI`. Just click the `Path` for the files/directories you want to restore and then find the specific `snapshot` you want to restore from. You will then be given the option to either
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* `Mount` the snapshot as a local drive so that you can browse, open, and copy any files/directories from the snapshot to your local machine;
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* `Restore` all the contents of the snapshot to a local or network location;
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@@ -76,9 +78,9 @@ Setting up Kopia via the CLI follows similar steps as the GUI, but obviously req
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The first thing you need to do is create a `repository`. For a full list of supported types of repositories that you can create, see the [repositories page](../repositories).
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To create a repository, use one of the [subcommands](../reference/command-line/common/#commands-to-manipulate-repository) of `kopia repository create` and follow the on-screen instructions. When creating the repository, you must provide a password that will be used to encrypt all the snapshots and their contents in the repository. (As a reminder, Kopia uses [end-to-end zero knowledge encryption](../features#end-to-end-zero-knowledge-encryption), so your password is never sent anywhere and it never leaves your machine!)
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To create a repository, use one of the [subcommands](../reference/command-line/common/#commands-to-manipulate-repository) of `kopia repository create` and follow the on-screen instructions. When creating the repository, you must provide a password that will be used to encrypt all the snapshots and their contents in the repository. Kopia uses [end-to-end encryption](../features#user-controlled-end-to-end-encryption), so your password remains in your computer and is not sent anywhere else.
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**There is absolutely no way to restore snapshots (i.e., your backed up files/directories) from a repository if you forget your password, so do not forget it and keep it secure!**
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**Remember your repository password and keep it secure. There is absolutely no way to restore any of your backed up files from a repository if you forget your password!**
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As an example, if you want to create a repository in a locally-mounted or network-attached filesystem, you would run the following command:
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@@ -87,7 +89,9 @@ $ kopia repository create filesystem --path /tmp/my-repository
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```
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You can read more about all the supported `kopia repository create` commands for different repositories from the [repositories page](../repositories).
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> NOTE: Remember, before you use Kopia, you need to provision, setup, and pay (the storage provider) for whatever storage location you want to use; Kopia will not do that for you. After you have done that, you can create a `repository` for that storage location in Kopia. For example, if you want to use `Backblaze B2`, you need to create a Backblaze account, create a B2 bucket, and get the access keys for the bucket; then you can use the [`kopia repository create b2` command](../reference/command-line/common/repository-create-b2/) to create a repository.
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> NOTE: Remember, before you use Kopia, you need to provision, setup, and pay (the storage provider) for whatever storage location you want to use; Kopia will not do that for you. After you have done that, you can create a `repository` for that storage location in Kopia. For example, if you want to use a cloud storage provider, then you need to: (1) create an account with your storage provider; (2) create an object storage bucket; and (3) get the credentials to access the bucket.
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After you have set up your storage provider, then you can create a repository using the [`kopia repository create <storage-provider-type>` command](../reference/command-line/common/#commands-to-manipulate-repository) with the appropriate storage provider options.
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#### Connecting to Repository
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@@ -402,7 +406,7 @@ Kopia CLI provides low-level commands to examine the contents of repository, per
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##### BLOBs
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We can list the files in a repository using `kopia blob ls`, which shows how Kopia manages snapshots. We can see that repository contents are grouped into pack files (starting with `p`) and indexed using index files (starting with `n`). Both index and pack files are [encrypted](../features/#end-to-end-zero-knowledge-encryption):
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We can list the files in a repository using `kopia blob ls`, which shows how Kopia manages snapshots. We can see that repository contents are grouped into pack files (starting with `p`) and indexed using index files (starting with `n`). Both index and pack files are [encrypted](../features/#user-controlled-end-to-end-encryption):
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```
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$ kopia blob ls
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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ linkTitle: "Supported Storage Locations"
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weight: 25
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---
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Kopia allows you to save your [encrypted](../features/#end-to-end-zero-knowledge-encryption) backups (which are called [`snapshots`](../faqs/#what-is-a-snapshot) in Kopia) to a variety of storage locations, and in Kopia a storage location is called a `repository`. Kopia supports all of the following storage locations:
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Kopia allows you to save your [encrypted](../features/#user-controlled-end-to-end-encryption) backups (which are called [`snapshots`](../faqs/#what-is-a-snapshot) in Kopia) to a variety of storage locations, and in Kopia a storage location is called a `repository`. Kopia supports all of the following storage locations:
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> PRO TIP: You pick the storage locations you want to use. Kopia plays no role in selecting your storage locations. This means you must provision, setup, and pay (the storage provider) for whatever storage locations you want to use **before** you create a `repository` for that storage location in Kopia.
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@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ linkTitle: "What is Kopia?"
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weight: 20
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---
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|
||||
Kopia is a fast and secure open-source backup/restore tool that allows you to create [encrypted](features/#end-to-end-zero-knowledge-encryption) snapshots of your data and save the snapshots to [remote or cloud storage](features/#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage) of your choice, [to network-attached storage or server](features/#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage), or [locally on your machine](features/#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage). Kopia does not 'image' your whole machine. Rather, Kopia allows you to backup/restore any and all files/directories that you deem are important or critical.
|
||||
Kopia is a fast and secure open-source backup/restore tool that allows you to create [encrypted](features/#user-controlled-end-to-end-encryption) snapshots of your data and save the snapshots to [remote or cloud storage](features/#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage) of your choice, [to network-attached storage or server](features/#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage), or [locally on your machine](features/#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage). Kopia does not 'image' your whole machine. Rather, Kopia allows you to backup/restore any and all files/directories that you deem are important or critical.
|
||||
|
||||
Kopia has both [CLI (command-line interface)](features/#both-command-line-and-graphical-user-interfaces) and [GUI (graphical user interface)](features/#both-command-line-and-graphical-user-interfaces) versions, making it the perfect tool for both advanced and regular users. You can read more about Kopia's unique [features](features/) -- which include [compression](features/#compression), [deduplication](features/#backup-files-and-directories-using-snapshots), [end-to-end 'zero knowledge' encryption](features/#end-to-end-zero-knowledge-encryption), and [error correction](features/#error-correction) -- to get a better understanding of how Kopia works.
|
||||
Kopia has both [CLI (command-line interface)](features/#both-command-line-and-graphical-user-interfaces) and [GUI (graphical user interface)](features/#both-command-line-and-graphical-user-interfaces) versions, making it the perfect tool for both advanced and regular users. You can read more about Kopia's unique [features](features/) -- which include [compression](features/#compression), [deduplication](features/#backup-files-and-directories-using-snapshots), [user-controlled end-to-end encryption](features/#user-controlled-end-to-end-encryption), and [error correction](features/#error-correction) -- to get a better understanding of how Kopia works.
|
||||
|
||||
When ready, head to the [installation](installation/) page to download and install Kopia, and make sure to read the [Getting Started Guide](getting-started/) for a step-by-step walkthrough of how to use Kopia.
|
||||
|
||||
### Pick the Cloud Storage Provider You Want
|
||||
|
||||
Kopia supports saving your [encrypted](features/#end-to-end-zero-knowledge-encryption) and [compressed](features/#compression) snapshots to all of the following [storage locations](features/#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage):
|
||||
Kopia supports saving your [encrypted](features/#user-controlled-end-to-end-encryption) and [compressed](features/#compression) snapshots to all of the following [storage locations](features/#save-snapshots-to-cloud-network-or-local-storage):
|
||||
|
||||
* **Amazon S3** and any **cloud storage that is compatible with S3**
|
||||
* **Azure Blob Storage**
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user